How Cervical Cancer Develops
Unlike some other cancers, cervical cancer usually develops slowly over several years. It often starts as precancerous changes called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). These changes may not cause any symptoms, which is why regular Pap smears and HPV testing are essential. Detecting and treating these abnormal cells early can prevent cancer from forming.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
This is one of the most common early signs. It may include:
- Bleeding between regular menstrual periods
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Bleeding after menopause
- Menstrual periods that are heavier or longer than normal
Even a small change in your menstrual cycle should be taken seriously and discussed with a doctor.
Unusual Vaginal Discharge
Watery, bloody, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge may indicate abnormal cell changes in the cervix. Any discharge that looks or smells unusual should not be ignored.
Pelvic or Lower Back Pain
Discomfort or pressure in the pelvis, hips, or lower back can sometimes indicate advanced stages of cervical cancer. While many conditions cause pelvic pain, persistent pain without a clear reason deserves medical attention.
