• As B12 plays a vital role in nerve function, a deficiency can affect coordination, balance, and muscle strength. This may lead to difficulty walking or a “wobbly” gait.

5. Memory Problems or Cognitive Decline

• B12 deficiency has been linked to memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and even cognitive decline or dementia in more severe cases. It may affect mental clarity and lead to confusion or mood swings.

6. Mood Changes or Depression

• A deficiency in B12 can cause mood swings, irritability, or feelings of depression. B12 is important for the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood.

7. Shortness of Breath or Dizziness

• People with B12 deficiency may feel short of breath or dizzy, even during simple activities. This happens because a lack of B12 can impair the production of red blood cells, leading to anemia and reduced oxygen levels.

8. Glossitis (Swollen, Inflamed Tongue)

• B12 deficiency can cause the tongue to become sore, swollen, smooth, and inflamed. This is called glossitis, and it often leads to difficulty swallowing or speaking.

9. Vision Problems

• In some cases, a B12 deficiency can affect the optic nerve, leading to vision problems such as blurry vision or double vision due to nerve damage.

10. Digestive Issues

• B12 deficiency can lead to digestive problems, including nausea, diarrhea, constipation, or loss of appetite.

11. Heart Palpitations

• People with B12 deficiency may experience heart palpitations or a racing heart. This is linked to anemia caused by low levels of B12, which affects the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.

Who is at risk for B12 deficiency?

• Older adults: Absorption of B12 decreases with age.
• Vegans and vegetarians: B12 is primarily found in animal products, so those who avoid meat, dairy, and eggs may be at risk.
• People with digestive issues: Conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and those who have had weight-loss surgery can impact B12 absorption.
• People taking certain medications: Some medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, can interfere with B12 absorption.

If you notice any of these signs or suspect you may be deficient, it’s important to see a doctor. A simple blood test can determine if your B12 levels are low, and your doctor can recommend supplements or dietary changes to address the deficiency.

Have you experienced any of these symptoms, or do you know someone who might be at risk for B12 deficiency?