The Amplifying Danger of Polypharmacy
The greatest risk often arises not from one medication, but from taking several simultaneously—typically defined as five or more drugs. This « polypharmacy crisis » is common in older adult care and creates a perfect storm of complications:

Drug-Drug Interactions: Medications can interact in ways that amplify side effects like confusion, memory loss, and delirium.

The Prescribing Cascade: This occurs when a new drug is prescribed to treat the side effect of an existing one, rather than re-evaluating the original prescription, leading to a spiraling number of medications.

Fragmented Healthcare: When multiple specialists prescribe without a central overview, the cumulative burden and interaction risks can go unnoticed.

The consequences are severe. Adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of hospitalizations, and the cognitive symptoms they induce are often mistaken for irreversible dementia.

Protecting Your Cognitive Health: A Proactive Approach
The good news is that medication-related cognitive risk is often manageable and reversible. Key strategies include:

1. Aggressive Medication Management

Schedule a Med Review: Regularly sit down with your primary care physician or pharmacist for a comprehensive « brown bag » review of every medication and supplement you take.

Embrace Deprescribing: Ask a crucial question: « Can we reduce the dose or stop any of these medications? » Deprescribing is a safe, supervised process of eliminating unnecessary or harmful drugs.

2. Explore Non-Drug Alternatives
For many chronic conditions, effective non-pharmacological treatments exist:

Insomnia & Anxiety: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-I and CBT) is a highly effective, long-term solution.

Chronic Pain: Physical therapy, acupuncture, and regular exercise can manage pain without cognitive side effects.

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