Sometimes, vertical ridges can be a sign of vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially:

Iron (anemia)

Magnesium

Zinc

Vitamin B12 or Biotin

If your nails are brittle, discolored, or splitting in addition to having ridges, a nutritional imbalance might be the cause.

3. Dehydration or Dry Nails
Nails need moisture just like skin. Dehydration or excessive exposure to water, detergents, or harsh weather can cause dry nails, making ridges more visible.

4. Underlying Health Conditions
Though rare, vertical ridges can also be linked to:

Peripheral vascular disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

Poor circulation
In such cases, other symptoms usually accompany the nail changes.

5. Trauma or Injury
A minor injury to the nail matrix (the tissue beneath the base of the nail) can lead to a permanent ridge as the nail grows out. This is especially common if you bite your nails or frequently use your nails as tools.

When to See a Doctor
Vertical ridges are usually harmless, but you should consult a healthcare provider if:

Your nails change color or thickness suddenly

You notice splitting, crumbling, or pain

The ridges are accompanied by other symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, or tingling fingers

These could indicate underlying conditions like anemia, thyroid problems, or autoimmune diseases.

How to Care for Nails with Ridges
Even if vertical ridges are a normal part of aging, there are steps you can take to improve nail health:

Moisturize regularly with hand and nail cream

Eat a balanced diet rich in leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains

Avoid harsh chemicals and use gloves when cleaning

Take supplements only if prescribed by a healthcare provider

Gently buff your nails to smooth out the surface (don’t overdo it—too much buffing can damage the nail)

Final Thoughts
Vertical ridges on nails are usually nothing to fear. In most cases, they’re a normal sign of aging or mild dehydration. However, they can sometimes point to more serious health or nutritional issues. Paying attention to your nails and overall health is the best way to ensure you’re not overlooking any important signals your body is sending.