Causes of Striped Nails
Striped nails can result from various factors, ranging from benign to serious. Below are some common causes:
1. Aging
Vertical ridges are often a natural part of aging. As we grow older, the body produces less oil and moisture, which can affect nail health. These ridges are usually harmless and do not require medical attention.
2. Nutritional Deficiencies
The appearance of stripes, especially discolored ones, may signal deficiencies in essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, or vitamins like B12. For example, white stripes or spots on the nails can indicate a lack of zinc or calcium, while brittle nails with ridges may suggest a deficiency in biotin or other key nutrients.
3. Dehydration
Dehydration can cause vertical ridges and dryness in the nails. Ensuring adequate water intake and using moisturizers or cuticle oils can help improve nail health.
4. Underlying Medical Conditions
Certain systemic diseases can manifest through changes in the nails. For instance:
Anemia: Pale nails with ridges may indicate low iron levels.
Liver Disease: Muehrcke’s lines or yellowing of the nails can be linked to liver dysfunction.
Kidney Disease: Nail discoloration or ridges may occur due to impaired kidney function.
Thyroid Disorders: Brittle nails with ridges or discoloration can be a sign of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
5. Trauma or Injury
Physical trauma to the nail bed, such as hitting your finger or excessive filing, can lead to ridges or discoloration. These changes are usually temporary and resolve as the nail grows out.
6. Skin Conditions
Conditions like psoriasis, eczema, or lichen planus can affect the nails, causing ridges, pitting, or discoloration. If you notice persistent changes alongside skin symptoms, consult a dermatologist.
7. Serious Health Concerns
Dark stripes or streaks under the nails should never be ignored, as they can sometimes indicate subungual melanoma, a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer. Similarly, splinter hemorrhages may point to cardiovascular or autoimmune disorders.
When to See a Doctor
While many cases of striped nails are benign, certain signs warrant medical attention:
Dark or black stripes that appear suddenly.
Horizontal ridges accompanied by fatigue, weight loss, or other systemic symptoms.
Persistent discoloration or deformities that do not improve over time.
Pain, swelling, or infection around the nail bed.
If you notice any of these symptoms, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider or a dermatologist for a thorough evaluation.
How to Improve Nail Health
If your striped nails are due to lifestyle factors or minor deficiencies, there are steps you can take to promote healthier nails:
