Edema: a swelling that can have many causes | July 27, 2025

Edema refers to an unusual accumulation of fluid in the body’s tissues, which leads to visible swelling. It typically affects the lower parts of the body—such as the legs, ankles, and feet—but can also appear in the arms, hands, or even the face.

Although it might appear harmless at first, edema can sometimes signal a more serious medical condition. That’s why recognizing the symptoms and seeking medical advice is important.

1. What Is Edema?
Edema isn’t a disease but a symptom that indicates fluid retention in the body. It can occur in anyone but is especially common in older adults and pregnant people.

When swelling is widespread throughout the body, the condition is called anasarca. Edema may be short-lived or chronic, depending on its underlying cause.

2. Recognizing the Signs of Edema

Swelling is the most obvious symptom, especially in the legs, feet, and hands. Other signs include:

A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected area
Skin that looks stretched or shiny
Joint stiffness or difficulty moving the area
A dent in the skin when pressed (known as pitting edema)
Additional symptoms can depend on what’s causing the edema. For instance, people with heart problems may experience shortness of breath, while those with kidney or liver issues might feel unusually tired.
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